Judges, independence and the Power of Common Law Essay

Judges, freedom and the Power of Common Law - Essay Example flict since this can be utilized by authorities as a system for forcing their own point of view and making it a matter of legal approach (Ferejohn, 1999). The regular origination of legal executive authorities being autonomous alludes to their capacity to make a move and make legal decisions without any potential repercussions, however judges are, actually, institutionally reliant on Congress and the president for jurisdictional decisions and completing of legal requests (Ferejohn, 1999). Generally, the reliance of legal accord on the external intrigues of the more noteworthy assortment of administration executes an arrangement of governing rules into the authoritative structure planned to refuse maltreatment of intensity; be that as it may, the positive working of JI is controlled by the open confidence in the adequacy of the framework and its capacity to allot equity as needs be. Financial Effect of JI The quality of JI depends on the general assessments of the residents served by the authority authoritative body. In this regard, JI alludes to the state’s capacity to ensure the rights and property of the individuals from others, including the administration (Feld and Voigt, 2003). In this regard, the pertinent relationships of de iure and accepted JI must be inspected to assess their effect on the monetary structure and generally speaking security of the nation (Feld and Voigt, 2003). Basically, de iure speaks to the stated purpose of the law while accepted arrangements with how the adjudicator has influenced the law during his/her residency and the real aggregate encounters of the nation (Feld and Voigt, 2003). Where de iure has been resolved to have no effect on a country’s real money related usefulness, as decided through proportion of the GDP development, true JI emphatically impacts the monetary parts of a country’s development (Feld and Voigt, 2003). Immediately, the autonomy displayed... This article centers around interconnection among judges and the ideas of the Judicial Independence and the intensity of Common Law. In the maintaining of open laws and rules, every country has sway, embraced by the United Nations, which permits legal executive authorities to manage lawful issues in light of a legitimate concern for keeping up harmony and request. Such legal autonomy (JI) has course on various angles that influence the usefulness of a nation, for example, their financial structure, compromise, and allotment of remedial estimates when laws have been broken. Albeit some legal councils are conditionally chosen to manage certain issues and others are autonomously chosen to serve for a predefined measure of time, the two components basically fill a similar need, which is to referee and pass restricting decisions to rebuff crime and resolve debates, which now and again may make points of reference that convert into new enactment. With this impact, JI is planned to give passes judgment on the opportunity to settle on choices without weight or affectations from influenced gatherings to determine matters i n support of themselves or be compelled to later safeguard the choices they make and requires a strong arrangement of balanced governance to guarantee that administrative authorities are not being unduly controlled. The paper reasons that, so as to be compelling, passes judgment on must have exemption in passing on their proclamations and these choices are fortified by the protected and authoritative help got.

International Law for Sources and Status as Law - myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theInternational Law for Sources and Status as Law. Answer: Global Law and Organizations Why have Multinational Corporations (MNCs) gotten so significant in global relations and law? Business organizations which work in at least one nations are known as Multinational Corporation or transitional companies. These sorts of organizations are quickly turning into a functioning piece of worldwide relations which explicit respects to the issue of human rights. Verifiably worldwide organizations have been intensely associated with household and remote markets and along these lines have gotten focal point of conversation corresponding to financial turn of events and universal law. These companies play out their activities in different nations. Such nations are administered by household law and in this way it would be hard for the worldwide associations to agree to various local laws and changing political circumstance explicitly of the creating nations. Global law needs to mediate so as to guarantee that the associations are not misused by the local governments (Nowrot, 2004). Then again universal human rights law additionally needs to intercede in the working of such ass ociations in light of the fact that these associations utilize a huge number of laborers everywhere throughout the words who are at the danger of being abused by the association. The associations may not give appropriate working conditions to the staff so as to expand their benefit. The immense accessibility of reserve for such association likewise starts debasement inside various nations. Global associations are organizations who are worked midway and capacity in different nations. The nonappearance of corporate guidelines in global law for such associations causes hole in corporate administration and responsibility need. Along these lines the issues identified with global associations are turning into a significant region of worry in the investigation of worldwide relations and law (Sornarajah, 2017). Regardless of impressive accentuation by some worldwide law researchers on legal disputes and points of reference, can a contention be made that bargain law is the most significant wellspring of universal law? Why? Worldwide law is the body through which the lead of the states according to one another is administered. There are different wellsprings of worldwide law which incorporate universal traditions, arrangements, the choice of the global courtroom, insightful composition and general standards of law which are acknowledged by the countries. The arrangements and standards which oversee the connection between states are determined through these materials. As indicated by (Paust, 2015) settlements between states are the essential wellspring of worldwide law. They are viewed as hard law as they are the most powerful wellspring of global law. Arrangements structure an agreement between the states who are gatherings to it like a resistance settlement or a removal bargain. Arrangements can likewise assume a job of enactments in worldwide law to oversee a specific matter of universal connection or build up the constitution of global associations. These are considered as the most significant wellsp ring of law between the states since they themselves get into the bargain by understanding their privileges and commitment in this manner leaving close to nothing if any degree for additional question anyway the manner by which the arrangement has become lawfully restricting is basic to decide if they are a skillful wellspring of law or not. Worldwide traditions and case points of reference are likewise significant wellsprings of global law anyway they are not as significant as bargains as they don't have a lawfully restricting impact as solid as what is made by a settlement between the states. Along these lines it very well may be obviously expressed that arrangements are the most significant wellspring of universal law. Without a world government, how can the administrative capacity be completed at the worldwide level? Worldwide government or world government is the development of a typical political power set up for creating worldwide government, single state and the entirety of humankind. Anyway such a system isn't for all intents and purposes present in the zone of global law. The inquiry which emerges is that how are the elements of a lawmaking body completed corresponding to drafting universal enactment. Universal enactments are commonly surrounded by the United Nations which is a body from with the relationship of a few part states. Enactments on worldwide law are framed by shared assent of the countries which is given either by an arrangement understanding or a universal practice. Such understanding or practices may comprise of two countries which is known as a respective understanding and may likewise comprise of a few countries which are known as a global understanding. All countries are sovereign and nobody has the option to mention to them what can anyone do. The manner by which every co untry may represent the reason tying down its privileges according to global law is chosen by the country itself. For example if a state accepts that it anglers are attacking its domains it can either advise the other state to stop such intrusion or get into an arrangement to permit its anglers from entering the other state. In this way the rights which are given by the states to different states return to them as their own privileges. Hence when Global government or world government is absent the authoritative elements of worldwide law are continued dependent on the shared assent of the states (Kaczorowska, 2015) What are the purviews seaside states have that broaden offshore from the benchmark of a state? Oceanic laws which are perceived by worldwide law incorporate regional oceans, inward waters, select monetary zones, mainland rack, adjoining zones and high oceans. With the exception of the High Sea each oceanic regions is estimated from the benchmark and is resolved by standard universal law as reflected in the law of the Sea Convention 1982. As indicated by the show each costal state has the option to guarantee a regional ocean from its benchmark which is stretching out toward the ocean to 12 nautical miles. Power is practiced by the beach front states over the regional ocean alongside the air space over the water. The purview additionally stretches out to the ocean bed and earth in the zone. An honest entry is delighted in by the outside oceans exposed to the standards and guidelines which have been acknowledged by the state and are in understanding to the show as different principles of universal law. An adjacent zone may likewise be guaranteed by the state which reaches out to 24 nm from its gauge. Here the state may execute control to guarantee assurance of movement, custom, monetary and clean guidelines. A selective financial zone may likewise be asserted by the states which may incorporate 200nm from its standard. Here the states are given the option to investigate, abuse and oversee regular assets from the ocean (Hill Kulkarni, 2017). References Slope, C., Kulkarni, Y. (2017). Oceanic law. Taylor Francis. Kaczorowska-Ireland, A. (2015).Public global law. Routledge. Nowrot, K. (2004). Worldwide Corporations and International Law. Paust, J. J. (2015). Standard International Law: Its Nature, Sources and Status as Law of the United States(1990).Michigan Journal of International Law,12, 59-76. Sornarajah, M. (2017). The global law on remote venture. Cambridge college press.

Imagery Rehearsal Treatment for Nightmares Related to PTSD

Imagery Rehearsal Treatment for Nightmares Related to PTSD PTSD Treatment Print Imagery Rehearsal for Nightmares Related to PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 01, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children digitalskillet/E/Getty Images If you have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), then you know that nightmares can have a tremendous negative impact on your life. In fact, nightmares are considered the most commonly reported symptoms among people with PTSD. Nightmares can greatly interfere with your amount and quality of sleep and can cause high levels of anxiety. Nightmares are also often unaffected by standard treatments for PTSD. Because of this, specialized treatment for nightmares has been developed. One such treatment is Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (or IRT). What Is IRT? IRT is considered a cognitive-behavioral treatment. In a nutshell, IRT uses techniques that help people with PTSD rescript or alter the endings of their nightmares while they are awake. When you come up with an alternative, less distressing outcome, nightmares can become less upsetting and debilitating. How Does IRT Work? In IRT, you will be presented with information on sleep, nightmares, and what IRT entails. You will also learn how to monitor your nightmares. Your therapist will help you come up with detailed, alternative, non-distressing endings for nightmares that youve experienced. While awake, you can rehearse each nightmare with the altered ending. IRT is a time-limited therapy, meaning that there is a defined duration of treatment. One reason for this is that IRT is focused specifically on nightmares and sleep difficulties. It doesnt really address other symptoms of PTSD. Therefore, if you are seeking out treatment for a variety of PTSD symptoms, you may want a more comprehensive treatment, such as exposure therapy. Does IRT Really Work? Several studies have been completed to examine whether IRT reduces nightmares in PTSD sufferers. One 2008 study looked at 15 male U.S. veterans with PTSD who were having trauma-induced nightmares. Each had not already completed trauma-focused PTSD treatment but had attended six IRT group sessions. While no benefits were observed right after treatment, at three and six-month follow-up appointments the participants said trauma-related nightmares had become less frequent. Other studies have generally found that IRT is successful in reducing the frequency and intensity of nightmares, as well as PTSD symptoms. IRT has also been found to reduce insomnia. Where Can I Find Someone Who Offers IRT or Other Therapies? You can learn more about IRT at the National Center for PTSD, which also provides a resource for finding cognitive behavioral therapists in your area who may offer IRT. If you have a hard time finding someone familiar with IRT, you can also consider one of these similar types of therapy: Lucid Dreaming Therapy A technique that helps dreamers to become aware of their dreams as they are occurring, and make intentional changes during their dreams. Sleep Dynamic Therapy according to an article in the Journal of Sleep Medicine, is an integrated program combining standard clinical sleep medicine instructions including sleep quality and sleep hygiene with psychotherapeutic interventions using principles of CBT like stimulus control, IRT, etc. Self-Exposure Therapy A process by which the patient makes a list of his or her most problematic dreams and then thinks through those dreams on a daily basis, starting with the least anxiety-provoking.

Theories Methods And Application Of Business Forecasting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3876 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? When a man assumes the responsibility of running a business, he automatically takes the responsibility for attempting to forecast the future and to a very large extent his success or failure would depend upon the ability to forecast successfully the future course of events. Forecasting aims at reducing the areas of uncertainty that surround management decision making with respect to costs, profit, sales, Production, pricing, capital investment and so forth. If the future were known with certainty, forecasting would be unnecessary. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Theories Methods And Application Of Business Forecasting" essay for you Create order Decisions could be made and plans formulated on a once-and-for-all basis, without the need for subsequent revision. But uncertainty does exist, future outcomes are rarely assured and therefore, organized system of forecasting is necessary rather than the establishment of predictions that are based on hunches, intuition or guesses. When estimates of future conditions are made on a systematic basis, the process is referred to as forecasting and the figures or the statement obtained is known as forecast Roles of forecasting in Business The object of business forecasting, is not to determine a curve or series of figures that will tell exactly what will happen, say, a year in advance, but it is to make analysis based on definite statistical data, which will enable and execute to take advantage of future conditions to a greater extent than he could do without them. In many respects, the future tends to move like the past. This is a good thing, since without some element of continuity between past, present and future; there would be little possibility of success prediction. While forecasting, one should note that it is impossible to forecast the future precise there always must be some range of error allowed for in the forecast. Steps in forecasting The business forecasting consists of following steps: Observation and analysis of the past behaviour is one of the most vital parts of forecasting Determine which phases of business activity must be measured Analysing the data Selecting and compiling data to be used as measuring devices Methods of forecasting The important methods of forecasting are as follows: Business Barometers Extrapolation Regression analysis Econometric Models Forecasting by the use of Time series analysis Opinion polling Causal Models Exponential Smoothing Survey Method Choice of Method of forecasting The selection of an appropriate method depends on many factors-the context of the forecast, the relevance and availability of historical data, the degree of accuracy desired, the time period for which forecasts are required, the cost benefit (or value) of the forecast of the company and the time available for making the analysis. These factors must be weighed constantly and on a variety of levels. In general, for example, the forecaster should choose a technique that makes the best use of available data. If we can readily apply one technique of acceptable accuracy, we should not try to gold plate by using a more advanced technique that offers potentially greater accuracy but requires non- existent information or information that is costly to obtain. Furthermore, where a company wishes to forecast with reference to a particular product, it must consider the stage of the products life cycle for which it is making the forecast. Theories of Business forecasting Sequence or Time-lag theory Action and Reaction Theory Economic Rhythm Theory Specific Historical Theory Cross-section analysis Cautious while using forecasting Techniques Forecasting business conditions is a complex task which cannot be accomplished with exactness. The economic, social and political forces which shape the future are many and varied; their relative importance changes almost constantly. It is obvious, therefore, that statistical methods cannot claim to be able to make the uncertain future certain- It does not follow from this disclaimer that statistical methods have nothing to contribute to business forecasting. Lack of a forecast implies a dangerous type of forecast, the mere warning of a possibility of a change is better than no wanting at all as is wisely said Forewarned is forearmed. Also is should be remembered that forecasts are not made just for the sake of forecasting ,that is, they are not ends in themselves. Forecasts are made in order to assist management determine a strategy and alternative strategies. lt may be pointed out that forecasting is much more than projecting a series mechanically. Though future is some sort o f extension of the past. But it can hardly be expected to be an exact replica. Forces responsible for economic change are numerous and complex. They are often difficult to discover and to measure. They may appear in all kinds of combinations and may be constantly changing. The fact that past can never be a perfect guide to the future warns us that forecasting should not be thought of as a routine application of some techniques or theoretical ideas to a list of unchanging variables. Successful forecasting requires expert blending of economic theory with significant statistical expertise and thorough familiarity with the relevant statistical data. Both qualitative and quantitative information must be utilized. As a final word of caution, it may be emphasized that no matter what methods of forecasting are used, it is essential that the forecasts be checked by the judgment, of individuals who are familiar with the business. While it is true that the use of statistical data is an atte mpt to substitute facts for subjective judgment it does not mean that knowledge gained through experience in a given situation should be ignored in favor of quantitative data. It is particularly important to take into consideration any specific plans of the business that might affect the pattern of sales in relation to indicators used for forecasting. More successful forecasting will result by combining with statistical forecasting the judgment and knowledge of current business trends. `Also it is important to emphasize that any forecast should be reviewed frequently and revised in the light of the most recent information. Forecasting is not a one-shot operation. To be effective, it requires continuous attention. Unanticipated developments will often change our picture of the future, or at least clarity it, In terms of any original decisions and actions that have been taken, this rule implies continuous modification wherever necessary. The techniques of flexible budgets has been developed to permit the revision of-the budget estimates and everyone dealing with forecasts should be alerted to the need for constantly checking to see if anything, has happened to change the outlook. Keeping accurately informed about the current level of business is probably the simplest insurance that can be secured against making wrong decisions regarding the fixture. Despite all advances that have been made in the techniques of forecasting, forecasting remains more an art than a science. The value of a forecast lies not merely in its accuracy, but the fact that making it requires a balanced consideration of factors influencing future developments, right or wrong. Further, forecasting should not be regarded merely as a means of peering into the fixture and then accepting what one sees: it needs to be used actively as a way of guiding the firm along the path its management feels is most desirable. Business forecasting will not only help in the short-tem control of operations, its greatest contribution probably will come when it is able to improve short and long-term corporate strategies. Literature View Corporations typically need forecasts that cover different time spans in order to achieve operational tactical and strategic intents.Firms typically use monthly data from the last one or two years to achieve operational or short-term forecasting.Tactical forecasting is generally based on quarterly data from the last five to six years or comparable annual data.strategic forecasting generally requires additional periods in order to make projections for 25 or more years into the future.Tactical and strategic forecasting is made more complex when the issue of seasonality is added to the analysis One goal of a forecasting model is to account for the largest amount of systemic variation in the behavior of time series data set as possible.Moving average,exponential smoothing, and linear regression models all attempt to account for systemic variations.However, each of these models may fail due to additional systemic variation that is not accounted for.In many business time series data s ets a major source of systemic variation comes from seasonal effectsseasonal variation is characterized by increases or decreases in the time series data at regular time intervals, namely calendar or climatic changes.for example, sales demand for beer in the United States has increased over time but tends to vary during the year and to be higher in the spring and Summer months than in the Fall and Winter months(https://www.foodandbeveragereports.com).Therefore time is not only variable that has an impact on beer sales;multiple factors play a role Multile linear regression models are commonly used technique in forecasting when multiple independent variables impact a dependent variable.Beer sales could be considered the dependent variable, while time and seasonal factor could be consiserd indepdent variables, and is represented in the following general model for multiple linear regressions Where is the time and through are seasonal indicators.The Xs denote the independent variab les while the Y donates the dependent variable.For Example the term represents the first independent variable for the time period t(e.g. , etc.).The term denotes the random variation in the time series not accounted for by the model.Since the value are assumed to vary randomly around the regression function the average or expected value of =0 Therefore, if an ordinary least square estimator is employed the best estimate of for any time period t is: Eq(2) represents the line passing through the time series that minimizes the sum of squared differences between actual values() and the estimated values().In the case, when n=1 the equation represents simple regression However if data set contains seasonal variation a standard multiple linear regression model generally does not provide very good results.With seasonal effects, the data tend to deviate from the trend lines in noticeable patterns.Forecasts for future time periods would be much more accurate if the regression model r eflected these drops and ascents in the data.saeasonal effects can be modeled using regression by including indicator variables, which are created to indicate the time period to which each observation belongs. Many publicly held companies are required to submit quterly(data occurring in cycles of three months= a common business cycles) reports regarding the status of their business.It is also very common for quarterly forecasts to be used to develop future quarterly projections.Therfore , if quarterly data were being analysed, the indicator variables for quarterly regression model could be stated as follows Table 1 summarizes the coding structure that we have defined in , and in Eqs.3 through 6.Overall, this coding structure can apply to any time frame the forecaster chooses Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 For brevity purposes, only the quarterly models is illustrated here.The coding structures for the models are contained in Tables 1,2 and 3 Import Bear Sales Example Fig. l displays three views of the partial data set for United States Import Beer sales in millions of barrels (Brls) from January l999 to December 2007 in an Excel spreadsheet. The views are displayed to illustrate the differing setups or data structure that accompanies each seasonal regression model. The data structure or setup in Excel is particularly important when using Excels regression procedure. In other words,how the data is input and in which order it is featured Forecasting is an integeral business activity that is covered to varying degrees in most business scholl curricula.One of the features often uncoverd even in practitioners in the effect of granulizing the data.That is, data occurs annually,semi-annually,quarterly,bi-monthly, and even monthly.While most modelers simply assume that more data is better and Will always chose the most granular data.Monthly data is available for sales for the period 1999-2007.In forecasting data over time, one of the most importa nt perspectives to consider is the level of detail required for the forecast. Figure 1 In this data, the first forecast estimate that should be generated is not monthly but is instead the predictable annual growth in sales as shown in figure 2 Figure 2 Depending on the management requirements, this forecast using simple linear regression may be sufficient.But, in many cases, such as managing inventory that does not have annual capacity, it is necessary to generate a forecast over similar interval.Such models are constructed below:semi annually,quarterly , and monthly Figure 3 Generally one perceives that finer focused data may produce better estimates.But as shown in figure 3, a linear forecst is constructed based upon the summary semi-annual sales actually reduces the overall explanatory power of the model because it introduces more variability.That is, not only is there variability from year-to-year, with more finer data there is also now variability within each year It should be noted that the values of the model are exactly 1/2 of the values of the annual model which would be expected. The two extensions considered next are the addition of an indicator variable for the second half of the year and an alternative definition of the annual increase as pro-rated across the semi-annual periods. We find that in either case, does that finer focus improves the estimated models value. However, the models do allow insight into the monthly characteristics of import beer sales A semi-annual indicator variable is added which has the value of 0 for the first six-month period of any year, and has the value of 1 for the second six-month period of any year. The result of this regression are shown in figure 4 Figure 4 We see that multiple regression with two independent variables Year and Semi-Annual period, does not produce a superior model with regard to .The t-statistics of the model show that the YrIndicator variable is highly statistically significant with a value of 0.672 as wellas the intercept with a value of -1334.61, but that the semi-Annual period is not statistically significant for any practical value of alpha since its t-statistics is only 0.04.Therefore , it is clear that it is not always the case that more and finer granularity to the data produces a superior estimate. One of the most common examples of granularity in time series modeling is using a time trend variables 1,2,3ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦..In the present case, the year variable that was modeled had values 1,1,2,2,3,3ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦(where 1=first year of data,1999; etc.).That is, the year variable captured the annual increase which was not pro-rated across semi-annual periods.If, instead one used not the annual increase but the semi-annual increase, along with the semiannual indicator variable, then similar results obtain as shown in figure 5 Figure 5 Of course, the R-squared of the model and the coefficient of the semi-years variable are products of the annual model.However, what has changed is the statistical sign, scale, and statistical significane of the indicator variable.previously it was positive;in the present model, it is negative.Previously it is of the order 10,000 barrels;presently it is of the order 300,000 barrels.Previously its t-statistics was a scant 0.04;presently its t0statistics is -1.26.Although the indicator variable is not statistically significant for any alpha less than 22%, the drastic change in the variable is important for us to consider Quarterly.The categorical variables for quarters are coded and the resulting multiple regression retains an of 92% and its value is All of these coefficients are highly statistically significant, with Q4 significant to the largest alpha value of 1.8%.The model suggests that the first quarter is the expected lowest sales and the highest sales are expected in the early summer (Q2), followed by slightly lower sales in the late summer (Q3), and continuing this decline to Q4 , still about 1/3 of a million barrels above first quarter sales. This model and the resulting multiple linear regression estimates are shown in figure 6 Figure 6 We have seen that the annual model provided a very good overall estimate of annual increases in sales, but the semi-annual extension did not provide additional information.However, when further granulizing the data to quarterly the estimate was improved further and did provide information that the semi-annual forecast could not.This process is continued for monthly estimates below Monthly.The categorical variables for months are coded and the resulting multiple regression containing the previously determined annual increase and quarterly changes is examined.Usually when modeling nested categorical variables , that one variable must always be left out.In our case, since variable Q2 contains the months April,may, and June, it is necessary in constructing the monthly variables to leave out one of these months.In the present model, the first variable of each quarter is left out and there are no monthly variables for January April,July, and October.The results from a monthly multiple regression are shown in table 4 Table 4 All of the remaining variables are statistically significant except for August and Novermber(shaded in table 4).A final estimation is considered after removing these two variables and the results are shown in table 5.each of the coefficients is statistically significant at leat at the 5% level.The R-squared of the model is 88.1% and standard error s 146,000 barrels Table 5 The monthly model is shown in figure 7 Figure 7 The coefficient values found in the Table 5 provide additional insight.These coefficients are used to construct the seasonal regression equation itself.Not all of the model parameter coefficients are positive for the monthly seasonal models.However, the coefficients are relative to each other within each model.For the quarterly model, it is seen that the Q4(Oct, Nov, Dec) coefficient is lower than the coefficients for Q2 and Q3.This ia also true for the sep and dec coefficients as they are actually negative compared to the other monthly coefficients each of these parameters corresponds to the time frame of the early fall into Winter seasons.In turn, it could be tentatively concluded that some type of winter effect comes from what the coefficients denote within the regression model itself.Within regression models, positive coefficients move in unison with changes in the model parameter. In our case, the coefficient of the Q4 parameter is lower and that the Sep and Dec coefficient s are negative when compared to the other coefficients in the monthly model therefore they provide a damping effect on their predictors.The lower and/or lower coefficients associated with the Q4, Sep, and Dec parameters are mostly likely attributable to the holiday lag and the temperature drop that occurs every year around Nov, Dec, and January, and Feb in the United States.It is well known that beer sales in United States lag during the colder months of each year and the holiday season due to consumers drinking other beverages, both alcoholic,non-alcholic , and consumers drinking other beverages, both alcoholic,non-alcholic and non-chilled Finally, if the annual time trend is pro-rated across the time periods(i.e.1999=1,2000=2, etc.) then the R-squared drops slightly to 88%.Whereas it is natural and very common for us to pro-rate the annual increase per month by using an indexing time variable, it is not required. Interpretations and Analysis of Outputs One advantage to employing Excels regression procedure is the case in interpreting the results of the regression analysis and understanding its statistical quality. To interpret the regression analysis we should begin by checking the values for three statistical measures: the R- Square () statistic, the F-statistic, and the t ·statistic. The value of provides an assessment of the forecast model`s accuracy. Specially, it can be interpreted as the proportion of the variance in Y attributable to the variance in the X variables. Generally, values above 0.7 provide a minimum threshold of accuracy for business models, while values above 0.8 are considered very good. Table 6 presents the values for each of the seasonal regression models, whereas Table 7 presents the F-statistics of each model. According to the analysis any of the proposed seasonal regression models are statistically significant and could be used to effectively develop forecasts for U.S. import beer sales. Howeve r, a good manager needs to know which model produces the best results. The next section illustrates how to construct the seasonal regression equation for the monthly model. Defines and describes error for each model, and discusses model efficacy via error coupled with the regression statistics. Table 6 Table 7 Construction of the Seasonal Regression Equation and Error Calculation From a mathematical perspective, the coefficient values are easily inserted into the original regression model to yield the seasonal regression forecasting equation.The monthly seasonal regression equation can be written as For seasonal regression equation, a forecast for January 2008 will be created.Since the forecasting time period is January 2008, the YrIndicator=2008.Since January falls in the first quarter and is the first month of the year there are no quarterly or monthly indicators in the model and in turn Q2=0, Q3=0, Q4=0, Feb=0,Mar=0, May=0,Jun=0,Sep=0, and Dec=0 Therefore, the seasonal regression model produces the following result The forecast U.S import beer sales for January 2008 are 2.006 million Brls.Calculating the error associated with a forecasting models is cornerstone to determining a models performance.Coupling the error measurement with the regression statistics allows a forecastor to comment on models overall efficacy.A model that performs well on a ll statistical measures and carries relatively low error can be deemed adequate.Error, also referred to as deviation, is defined as the actual less predicted value.Excel can generate error terms for a regression model when prompted Figure 8 We can instruct Excel to automatically calculate the error terms or the residuals of a regression model by checking the residual box in the Regression Dialogue Box.When the regression model is computed via the Regression dialogue Box, the residual output is generated and returned below the regression output.Figure 8 displays a partial part of the residual output for the monthly seasonal regression model within Excel. A standard measure of error in forecasting is mean absolute percentage error or MAPE and is calculated as follows: MAPE Table 8 Using the residual terminology from the Excels regression tool, the formula would resemble the following: MAD= To obtain MAPE for residual contained in figure 8, we first take the abs olute value of each residual in the residual column, divide that absolute residual by the associated actual , and then take an average of those absolute percentage errors Forecasters generally compute error for multiple forecasting models and then compare across each model where the model with the lowest error is considered superior. The MAPE for each of the seasonal models is presented in Table 8. From Table 8, the yearly regression model has the lowest MAPE of the three models. However. it does not provide detail that a manager may need to make decisions in a shorter time frame. Therefore a manager most likely will use the yearly model for long range planning purposes and may use the monthly model for shorter range planning purposes. It is readily apparent from figure 7 that the monthly seasonal regression model fits the actual data very well by accounting for the seasonal trends in import beer sales over time.The figures also visually reinforces the calculated value R-squar ed(0.88) presented earlier.Based on the regression statistics, MAPE and the predicted versus Actual graph , it can be determined that the monthly seasonal model is doing an overall good job of forecasting U.S import beer Sales

Environmental Scan - 1299 Words

Environmental Scan Successful organizations do not happen by chance, but through hard work, strategic planning, and understanding the company inside out. It takes continuous forward thinking and actions by leadership to remain relevant in industries where new technology can push one forward or backward in the time it takes a season to change. Therefore organizations must conduct environmental scans to determine their internal and external environment as part of the strategic plan process. There are numerous organizations using environmental scanning to develop their strategic plan. Today the author will look at three successful companies, which are Southwest Airlines, Target, and Whole Foods Market. The purpose of this paper is to†¦show more content†¦Target opened its doors under the current brand name on May 1, 1962 (â€Å"Target†, 2015). In business for over fifty years is not by accident, but as a result of innovative leadership. The organization’s leadership has effec tively steered the company through many changes by understanding its competitive advantage through internal analysis. In order to deliver service and merchandise at the standard established in the beginning, management must constantly assess the environment. Target’s leadership monitors its stores for the following, appearance, access, competitive pricing, trendy merchandise, and customer service. Target’s advantage is its appeal to the shopper who want quality merchandise for retail prices. The discount retailer was the first to offer designer clothing, which set them apart from discount giants Kmart and Walmart. The organization created competitive advantage through exceptional marketing techniques in and outside their stores, quality clothing, and home dà ©cor. Just as Target must understand its internal environment, the same applies to understanding external factors. Competitors large and small pose an external threat, due to lower prices, weekly sales, customer service, and long standing brand notoriety. As a result, leadership must constantly monitor the competition to ensure they offer customers the same and more as it applies to prices, convenience, customer service, andShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Scan1442 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental Scan – Lego and Harley Davidson MGT/498 Strategic Management November 14, 2013 Mario Ducret Environmental Scan – Lego and Harley Davidson Internal and external environments are very important for businesses operating globally due to local and external competitions. Healthy businesses must analyze their internal and external environments in their strategy formulation. Strategic planning requires that an organization must initially scan the environmentRead MoreEnvironmental Scan1350 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Scan of Home Depot Crystal Graham MGT498 March 18, 2013 Rob Inglis Environmental Scan of Home Depot Strategic planning is necessary for every successful company and needs to be managed accordingly. Environmental scanning is the first phase in strategic planning management. Environmental changes, whether external or internal can pose major problems for a company. A scan of environmental factors provides a better understanding of current trends and what causes things to changeRead MoreEnvironmental Scan1153 Words   |  5 PagesMGT 498 Environmental Scan Paper MGT/498 Environmental Scan Paper Environmental scans play a crucial role in the strategic planning process by helping organizations take a look at their competitive advantages and identify ways to sustain the advantages. Wheelen and Hunger (2010) describes environmental scanning as â€Å"the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information from external and internal environmentsRead MoreEnvironmental Scan1557 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironment Scan The week three assignment for Strategic Management MGT 498 involves researching the environmental scanning practices of two to three real-world companies’ internal and external environments and describe their internal and external environments. This assignment provides a brief overview on the competitive advantages of each identified company and what strategies these companies use. Included in the assignment is information on how each company creates value and sustains their competitiveRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Scan Dwayne A. Haynes MGT/498 August 12, 2013 Michael Medoro Environmental Scan Internal and external environmental scanning helps shape strategic management and planning. Companies use business strategies to create value and secure competitive advantages. Measurements verify the company’s strategic effectiveness. This essay is a brief overview of the internal and external environmental scans, competitive advantage, value, and measurements used at Wells FargoRead MoreEnvironmental Scan725 Words   |  3 PagesInternal versus External Environments of Kudler Fine Foods NeShawn Y. Mack University of Phoenix June 22, 2010 Kudler Fine Foods In society today beginning health is top priority. Many will go all extremes to obtain the healthier lifestyle desired by so many. Kudler Fine Foods has three locations that give healthier food options for everyday meals. Kulder Fine Foods offers organic and non-organic foods to surround areas to for those wanting a healthier lifestyle but at a reasonable priceRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1539 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper MGT/498 July 22, 2015 Environmental Scan Paper The evaluating, monitoring, and disseminating of information from internal and external environments to key people within the corporation is called environmental scanning. (Wheelen and Hunger. 2010) Environmental scanning helps an organization identify relevant factors and use those factors to obtain a competitive advantage within the environment. The author will discuss how an organization creates value and sustainsRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1272 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper There are internal and external elements that help a corporation determine their future. Environmental scanning monitors, evaluates, and disseminates the information from both the internal and external environments within the corporation. The internal and external elements are strategic factors that determine the corporation’s future. Environmental scanning can be conducted through a simple SWOT analysisRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Essays952 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Scan Nanette Guffey MGT/ 498 – Strategic Management Richard Haines September 17th, 2012 Environmental scanning is an organization’s strategic management and is actual important to the corporation. Environmental scanning is getting-together data for the external and the internal of the company.Read MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1148 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Environmental Scan Paper Shalunda Lester MGT 498 May 2, 2015 Jerome Dausman Environmental Scan Paper Introduction The monitoring, evaluating, and disseminating of information from the external and internal environments is known as environmental scanning. This information goes to key people within the corporation to identify strategic factors and help determine the future of the corporation (Wheelen Hunger). SWOT analysis is the simplest way to conduct environmental scanning. The

War on Terror Research Paper Free Essays

string(70) " attacks were done by non-state actors, not Afghanistan’s own army\." War on Terror Do you ever have one of those moments in your life in which you will never forget where you were? I remember waking up early on September 11, 2001, getting ready for school and my dad telling me hurry up to watch the news with him. Being in 8th grade at the time, the news really wasn’t something I would watch in the mornings so I knew it had to be something important. Then I saw it. We will write a custom essay sample on War on Terror Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now An airplane crashing into a tower, people panicking, and mayhem ensuing in a city very well known to me. When any tragic event like 9/11 occurs, the effect it will have on a nation is tremendous. It left America in shock, anger, and sadness just to name a few adjectives to describe the insurmountable amount of feelings that we felt on that day. With America being such a powerful nation, after recovering from the attack the next ideal step would be to seek retaliation, right? Well on October 7th 2001, the war in Afghanistan began marking the first step in the War on Terror. The 9/11 tragedy was very devastating to the American morale and our sense of security. America being so powerful and strong it may be logical to see how we had a false sense of security when it came to attacks on us. I mean, who would really want to attack one of the strongest nations on Earth? No other nation in their right mind would, right? Wrong. When those two planes hit our towers and another hitting the pentagon we were slapped with a reality check. We weren’t as safe as we thought we were. To add onto things, on September 18th and October 9th, 2001, we were hit by the anthrax attack that killed five and injured seventeen Americans. Something had to be done about this. We shouldn’t be letting other nations attack us like this. So George W. Bush began the War on Terror. The single person who took responsibility for these attacks on America is the notorious Osama Bin Laden. Bin Laden founded the jihadist terrorist organization known as al-Qaeda at around 1988 to late 1989. The al-Qaeda, which translates into â€Å"The Base,† is well known for the September 11th attacks on the United States, but is also responsible for the 1998 US embassy bombings as well as the 2002 bombings in Bali. The war on terror started with America going on the offensive against al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. With Osama bin laden becoming the most wanted criminal in the United States, f not the entire world, other countries would join in our attempt to dismantle the al-Qaeda and their usage of Afghanistan as a home base. Australia, United Kingdom, and the united afghan front became our allies in the war in Afghanistan. These nations would launch Operation Enduring Freedom. While Operation Enduring Freedom was mainly targeting Afghanistan, it also had many subordinate operatio ns. Along with Afghanistan, there were operations in the Philippines, Horn of Africa/Somalia, Pankisi Gorge, Trans Sahara, Caribbean and Central America, and Kyrgyzstan. The terrorist regimes were placed all over the world and the nations fighting terrorism found it necessary to assist these other countries in eliminating those hostile forces in their territory. Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines is a currently active mission to fight the terrorist forces of Abu Sayyaf and Jemaah Islamiyah. Abu Sayyaf is an Islamist separatist group that was residing around the southern islands of the Republic of the Philippines while Jamaah Islamiyah is a militant Islamic terrorist group that was spread out through Southeast Asia in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, parts of Thailand, and the Philippines. This operation is still ongoing and has tallied 17 US soldier casualties with gt;315 enemies killed, including Abu Sayyaf leader Janjalani. Another one of the Operation Enduring Freedom missions was the Horn of Africa (Northeast Africa/Somali Peninsula). This mission was dedicated to stopping terrorism and piracy in the Horn of Africa. The United States lost 29 due to non-combat fatalities, but so far have been able to kill 149-160 insurgents, 67-78 pirates, and captured around 1000 pirates. This mission is still ongoing since October 7th, 2002. There was also another operation held in Africa referred to as Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara. A 500 million budget was approved for the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI) that would be spent over a six-year span to support those countries that were facing threats from the al-Qaeda. These countries were primarily Chad, Algeria, Senegal, Nigeria, Morocco, Mali, and Mauritania. Along with the attempts to thwart terrorism, the TSCTI were also focusing on drug and weapon trafficking. One of the main points of this specific mission was to train these 10 nations with the ecessary skills and equipment to combat these problems on their own. The last two Operation Enduring Freedom missions are â€Å"Caribbean and Central America† and Kyrgyzstan. The Caribbean and Central American mission has forces deployed in El Salvador, Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad amp; Tobago, Belize, Honduras, and Costa Rica. The US Air Force at Manas International Airport primarily runs the operation in Kyrgyzstan near the capitol Bishkek. Now onto the main mission in Operation Enduring Freedom, the War in Afghanistan. The main reason behind this war was to dismantle the al-Qaeda organization and stopping them from using Afghanistan as their base. The United States would also go on to state that they were attempting to take the Taliban out of power and create a nation with a more democratic government. This war began on October 7th, 2001, and is still ongoing today making it the United States longest running war. â€Å"Article 51 permits a victimized state to engage in ‘individual or collective self-defense’ until recourse has been taken by the Security Council to establish peace† (Maogoto, 2003). The reason that this war was criticized so much was because people felt that bombing and attacking Afghanistan was not self-defense because the 9/11 attacks were done by non-state actors, not Afghanistan’s own army. You read "War on Terror Research Paper" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" Either way, President George W. Bush was given authorization by Congress to go ahead and begin the war against Afghanistan on September 18th 2001, when a legislation called â€Å"Authorization for Use of Military Forces Against Terrorists,† was passed. With the War in Afghanistan being the longest war that the US has run, it is understandable that there are many losses. In our coalition there were 3,097 killed with 2,031 of them being from the United States, over 23,500 wounded, and 1 missing/captured. Of the contractors hired, there were 1,143 killed and over 15,000 wounded. The Afghan Security Forces lost 10,086+ and the Afghan Northern Alliance lost over 200. As for the opposing forces, there was no real reliable estimate, but the Taliban forces were estimated to be around 25,000 strong. One of the more shocking numbers to be brought up in losses is how many civilians were killed during the attacks. A rough estimate of civilian casualties is 12,500 – 14,700. While there were many causes for the civilian casualties, the majority of the losses came from the airstrikes and improvised explosives by the insurgents. The civilian deaths caused a lot of tension between the foreign countries and Afghanistan government causing President Karzai to summon his foreign military commanders to tell them â€Å"his people’s patience was wearing thin† (BBC, 2007). Even though there were many losses suffered by all participants and those civilians, there was a huge victory for the United States on May 2nd, 2011. This was the day that al-Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden, was finally shot and killed by the US forces in Pakistan (BBC, 2011). They would later confirm the death through DNA tests This could have also been another one of those â€Å"you’ll never forget where you were† events for many seeing how he caused so much damage with the 9/11 attacks. The next war to start after Operation Enduring Freedom began was the Iraq war. The reasons behind this war have been extremely debated and discussed since it started. The official factors were listed in the â€Å"Iraq Resolution. † Here are some of the reasons to invade Iraq (President George W. Bush, 2002): * Members of al-Qaeda, the ones responsible for attacks on the US, were residing in Iraq. * Iraq paid bounties to suicide bomber’s families. * Iraq was brutally repressing their civilian population. * Iraq was not complying with the 1991 ceasefire agreement while also interfering with U. N. weapons instructors. * Iraq was â€Å"continuing to aid and harbor other international terrorist organizations,† that also included anti-United States terrorist organizations. * Turkey, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia wanted Saddam out of power in Iraq and feared what he may do. Those were listing only a few reasons, but another big factor in the Iraq War was that Saddam Hussein did not stop producing weapons of mass destruction in 2003 after the Duelfer Report revealed that information. In 1991, Hussein’s WMD capability was essentially destroyed by sanctions to restore Iraq’s economy to a more stable condition. On October 21, 2011, Obama announced, â€Å"After nearly 9 years, America’s war in Iraq will be over. † The last troops to leave Iraq were leaving by January 1st, 2012, and that the troops in Afghanistan would start to come home as well. A big problem that these wars caused for America, aside from the casualties, was how much money was spent. A lot of people look at the War on Terror and the Iraq War as the main reasons the American economy has taken a huge dive the last decade or so. From 2001 through 2011 the Afghanistan war cost the United States about $433 billion dollars (Bingham, 2012). The Iraq war has cost about $806 billion dollars so far, but Obama has said it may cost over $1 trillion dollars when it is all over (Krutzleben, 2011). However, with all these wars not completely wrapped up, the final price of war could be as high as $4. 4 trillion dollars when all is told (costofwar. org, 2012). War affects every country involved, but specifically the veterans who participated and contributed to the war. It would only seem logical that those countries that have had veterans deployed and fight for their nation should be taking care of them as best they can. From the veterans who came back from the Iraq war, 20. 3% of active soldiers and 42. 4% of reserve soldiers required mental health treatment (Milliken, 2007). The total numbers of those diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder from the Iraq and Afghanistan war is about 30% of the 834,463 who were in those wars (Reno, 2012). These numbers were only the veterans that were treated by the V. A. (Veteran’s Association) hospitals, so there could actually be more who have not looked for further treatment after returning. With some of these numbers rising as more soldiers are returning from the wars, this would mean the V. A. hospitals would need to hire more mental health professionals to deal with the influx in PTSD cases continuing to go up. The V. A. has increased their mental health investments by more than 1/3rd in the last three years. They have â€Å"hired more than 4,000 mental health professionals† and in April 2012 have announced they will add 1,600 more professionals, totaling their mental health staff to 22,000 (Reno, 2012). War has never been a good thing and there is never one side that is completely victorious when you consider how many people are killed on each side, civilians included. After the 9/11 attacks on the United States it would be hard to simply let that go unpunished, something HAD to be done. As unpopular war is in the United States, there was a lot of support from the nation as a whole. I personally found it hard for there to be some type of peaceful way to come to an agreement with a terrorist organization so I also supported the war. The cost of these wars have been devastating to our economy though and a lot of people thought we were in these places for too long trying to do too much. Overall, it’s really hard to judge whether these wars have been a success. It’s really a matter of opinion and how a person wants to analyze the results. I can only hope that we defend our nation much better, that all the troops come back, and that they receive the care they all deserve. We are doing our veterans a great disservice if we cannot properly accommodate them for life after war. Bibliography Bilmes, L. (2006, February). The economic costs of the iraq war: An appraisal threeyears after the beginning of the conflict. Retrieved fromhttp://www. nber. org/papers/w12054. pdf? new_window=1 Bingham, A. (2012, May). Afghanistan War by the Numbers: Lives Lost, Billions Spent. Retrieved from http://abcnews. go. om/Politics/OTUS/billions-dollars-thousandslives-lost-afghanistan-war/story? id=16256292#. UIRxJmk4WA0 Faiz, S. (2006, March 17). A timeline of the iraq war. Retrieved fromhttp://thinkprogress. org/report/iraq-timeline/? mobile=nc Hoven, R. (2012, September 6). An iraq war every year. Retrieved fromhttp://www. americanthinker. com/blog/2012/09/an_iraq_war_every_year. html Iraq War Veterans. (2004, July). Iraq veterans against t he war. Retrieved fromhttp://www. ivaw. org/ Kellner, D. (2004, December). Bring ’em on: Media and politics in the iraq war. Retrieved fromhttp://books. google. com/books? l=en;amp;lr=;amp;id=10BiGSdCyVQC;amp;oi=fnd;amp;pg=R7;amp;dq=iraq war;amp;ots=DpgUR6Ohbz;amp;sig=cb0_JxEuXqNrmyLL2WQEWCNLFY Kurtzleben, D. (2011, December). What Did the Iraq War Cost? More Than You Think. Retrieved from http://www. usnews. com/news/articles/2011/12/15/what-did-theiraq-war-cost-more-than-you-think Milliken, C. (2007, Novemeber 14). Longitudinal assessment of mental health problemamong active and reserve component soldiers returning from the iraq war. Retrieved from http://jama. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? articleid=209441 Montopoli, B. (2011, October 21). Obama announces end of iraq war, troops to returnhome by year end. Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-503544_16220123800-503544/obama-announces-end-of-iraq-war-troops-to-return-home-by-year-end/ Rainie, L. (n. d. ). The internet and the iraq war. Retrieved fromhttp://www. pewinternet. org/~/media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report. pdf. pdf Reno, J (2012, October) Nearly 30% of Vets Treated by V. A. Have PTSD Retrieved fromhttp://www. thedailybeast. com/articles/2012/10/21/nearly-30-of-vets-treated-by-va-have-ptsd. html War in iraq. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. iraq-war. ru/ Wilson, R. (2005). Human rights in the ‘war on terror’. Cambridge University Press. How to cite War on Terror Research Paper, Essays

The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology Essay Example

The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology Essay Gene therapy: Can be used to cure genetic diseases an example of a proven case would be the bubble boy disease commonly known as ADA. (The body has no immunity, and the baby has to be put in a bubble to stop germs infecting) This disease inherited from the parents is caused by the missing or damaged enzyme adenosine deaminase, normally treated with injections of the enzyme. As the injections dont completely restore the immune system. This was the first use of gene therapy in the USA, a copy of the normal genes for ADA enzymes were inserted into an inactive virus that was put in to the patients immune system (Tcells) These grew in a colony then they were put in to the patient like an ordinary blood transfusion(4) and the girl lived, as this was a successful cure. Not many people will argue to curing genetically prone people, but it could get out of hand in theory any desired gene could be instead into an human egg(1) so how far do we go is the question, can we choose what are babes should look like? Are just some of the questions that are asked. Using technology like this has already help cure diseases like cystic fibrosis and can help many more. We will write a custom essay sample on The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Genetically altered bacteria: you can develop bacteria to do certain task s not possible such as put them on to a oil spill were they can digest the oil and reduce pollution(2). As well as this u can get rock eating bacteria used by industrial chemist. They use bacteria to produce copper, 10% of copper is produced in this way in the US. The bacteria feed off chalcopyrite(7 ) a copper ore. Transgenic animals: an experiment in the USA which implanted an alien gene in a monkey(3) for the first time gave a step close to finding more cures for humans. The experiment was devised to create Transgenic monkeys which perfectly mimic human diseases, so that cures can be found(3) now test can be done on these monkeys rather than mice as they will show more human like activities. But there are many objections to thesis types of experiments from people like the RSPCA emphasis should be placed on the reducing and replacing primate use with humane alternatives rather than developing new uses for these animals. We believe this is a step too far. Morally and ethically the RSCPA are saying that its wrong. But Transgenic animals can be used in other ways such as producing insulin, interferon and other hormones that some people lack. This is done by inserting the gene for human interferon (a protein that helps to destroy viruses) in to an egg. The cow has all the gene in all of her cells and produces human interferon which is secreted in her milk.(1) Molecular farming: is the growth of transgenic plants that contain health care products, such as vaccines and pharmasuticles(5) to me this is a great idea especially for developing countries were healthcare products are not available or too expensive. I think that this is morally and ethically right. But if allowed it could fall into evil hands and people could develop poisons and other harmful chemicals and this could lead to biological warfare.